Solar autonomy scorecard · Modelled estimate

How far can solar and a battery take you, country by country

181 climate regions in 144 countries: electricity price, PV yield, seasonal spread and the self-sufficiency of solar with a battery — one modelled scorecard per country.

In flat climates such as Singapore, United States (Texas / Southern Plains), and Namibia, a three-day battery reaches 96–100% self-sufficiency. In Iceland, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium, a winter deficit of 20–27% of annual consumption remains that short-term storage cannot close.

Available now

Belgium Available now

EUR · NL

A capacity tariff on the monthly peak, dynamic contracts and injection at market price. Peak shaving and arbitrage lead.

Capacity tariffBelpex arbitrageMV cabin rules

Market facts & configurator

Netherlands Available now

EUR · NL

Grid congestion decides: non-firm connections and a battery as capacity buffer instead of a heavier connection.

Congestion mapNon-firm connectionNet-metering phase-out

Market facts & configurator

France Available now

EUR · FR

Self-consumption with surplus sale, and a strong case for solar carports and charging.

Self-consumptionSurplus saleCarport obligation

Market facts & configurator

Ghana Available now

USD · EN

Per-kWh billing, 60/40 net-billing up to 500 kW and real outage risk. The battery earns first as backup.

$0.183/kWh tariffNet-billing 40%22 h outages/yr

Market facts & configurator

Italy Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Greece Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Germany Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Austria Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Slovakia Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Portugal Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Slovenia Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Croatia Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Spain Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Ireland Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

United Kingdom Available now

GBP · EN

Market facts & configurator

Singapore Available now

SGD · EN

Market facts & configurator

Switzerland Available now

CHF · FR

Market facts & configurator

New Zealand Available now

NZD · EN

Market facts & configurator

Malta Available now

EUR · EN

Market facts & configurator

Luxembourg Available now

EUR · FR

Market facts & configurator

Bahamas Available now

USD · EN

Market facts & configurator

Vietnam Available now

USD · EN

Market facts & configurator

Where an energy island works

Highest self-sufficiency with the smallest lean-season deficit.

Cameroon 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Colombia 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Congo - Kinshasa 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Ecuador 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Gabon 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Kenya 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Malaysia 100% · Deficit 0.0%
Maldives 100% · Deficit 0.0%

Where the grid stays essential

Largest deficit in the three leanest months.

Iceland 62% · Deficit 26.8%
Finland 65% · Deficit 25.3%
Norway 65% · Deficit 25.3%
Sweden 65% · Deficit 25.3%
Estonia 67% · Deficit 23.8%
Russia 65–87% · Deficit 22.9%
Latvia 69% · Deficit 22.8%
Denmark 69% · Deficit 22.4%

Where a kilowatt-hour gets cheapest, and by how much

What matters is not the lowest cost — that simply follows a cheap grid — but the gap between what a business pays today and what a solar-plus-storage kilowatt-hour costs. That gap is the business case.

Biggest gap with what they pay today

Saving per consumed kilowatt-hour, businesses.

Italy 0.411 → 0.130 · 0.281
Bahamas 0.370 → 0.094 · 0.276
Cayman Islands 0.367 → 0.107 · 0.260
United Kingdom 0.442 → 0.192 · 0.250
Aruba 0.314 → 0.067 · 0.247

Fastest payback

Solar without a battery, businesses. Longer than 10 years is not shown.

Bahamas 2.1 years · 302 USD/kWp a year
Italy 2.1 years · 290 USD/kWp a year
Cyprus 2.1 years · 274 USD/kWp a year
Aruba 2.2 years · 292 USD/kWp a year
Barbados 2.2 years · 274 USD/kWp a year

All markets


Italy	0.411	0.203	0.130	0.281	2.1 years	45.6%	6,070	Grid
Bahamas	0.370	0.174	0.094	0.276	2.1 years	45.9%	6,333	Grid
Cayman Islands	0.367	0.179	0.107	0.260	2.8 years	34.4%	6,072	Grid
United Kingdom	0.442	0.250	0.192	0.250	3.7 years	26.3%	3,597	Grid
Aruba	0.314	0.146	0.067	0.247	2.2 years	44.6%	6,108	Grid
Barbados	0.326	0.154	0.086	0.240	2.2 years	44.8%	5,745	Grid
Hungary	0.369	0.192	0.138	0.231	2.5 years	38.5%	4,426	Grid
Cyprus	0.307	0.149	0.096	0.211	2.1 years	47.2%	5,767	Grid
Poland	0.334	0.187	0.144	0.190	3.5 years	27.8%	3,072	Grid
Mali	0.350	—	0.168	0.182	6.9 years	29.3%	—	Diesel
Sudan	0.350	—	0.168	0.182	6.9 years	5.7%	—	Diesel
Burkina Faso	0.350	—	0.169	0.181	7.0 years	38.9%	—	Diesel
Zambia	0.350	—	0.169	0.181	7.0 years	4.5%	—	Diesel
Togo	0.350	—	0.170	0.180	7.0 years	29.0%	—	Diesel
Uganda	0.350	—	0.170	0.180	7.0 years	18.1%	—	Diesel
Cameroon	0.350	—	0.171	0.179	7.1 years	26.7%	—	Diesel
Malawi	0.350	—	0.171	0.179	7.1 years	25.3%	—	Diesel
Nigeria	0.350	—	0.171	0.179	7.1 years	5.2%	—	Diesel
Angola	0.350	—	0.172	0.178	7.1 years	—	—	Diesel
Congo - Kinshasa	0.350	—	0.174	0.176	7.2 years	8.7%	—	Diesel
Pakistan	0.350	—	0.177	0.173	7.1 years	27.0%	—	Diesel
Venezuela	0.350	—	0.177	0.173	7.2 years	11.5%	—	Diesel
Mozambique	0.350	—	0.178	0.172	7.2 years	12.7%	—	Diesel
Jamaica	0.242	0.117	0.071	0.171	2.7 years	36.7%	4,038	Grid + diesel
Myanmar (Burma)	0.350	—	0.180	0.170	7.3 years	15.9%	—	Diesel
Dominican Republic	0.350	—	0.180	0.170	7.5 years	25.0%	—	Diesel
Singapore	0.262	0.137	0.093	0.169	4.4 years	21.9%	3,503	Grid
Ethiopia	0.350	—	0.181	0.169	7.2 years	—	—	Diesel
Côte d’Ivoire	0.235	0.114	0.066	0.169	2.8 years	35.0%	3,663	Grid + diesel
North Macedonia	0.260	0.132	0.093	0.167	2.8 years	34.8%	3,870	Grid + diesel
Madagascar	0.350	—	0.183	0.167	7.2 years	32.2%	—	Diesel
Sierra Leone	0.350	—	0.184	0.166	7.5 years	41.9%	—	Diesel
Slovakia	0.287	0.157	0.122	0.165	3.6 years	27.1%	3,120	Grid
Afghanistan	0.350	—	0.185	0.165	7.3 years	16.0%	—	Diesel
Iraq	0.350	—	0.186	0.164	7.4 years	5.7%	—	Diesel
Honduras	0.230	0.111	0.068	0.162	2.7 years	36.2%	3,832	Grid + diesel
Austria	0.292	0.164	0.131	0.161	4.3 years	22.4%	3,066	Grid
El Salvador	0.224	0.108	0.068	0.156	2.7 years	36.8%	3,981	Grid + diesel
Costa Rica	0.229	0.114	0.074	0.155	3.2 years	30.8%	3,607	Grid
Cape Verde	0.203	0.097	0.052	0.151	2.7 years	35.8%	3,850	Grid + diesel
Greece	0.236	0.120	0.087	0.149	3.0 years	32.5%	3,734	Grid
Nicaragua	0.216	0.105	0.067	0.149	2.9 years	34.2%	3,570	Grid + diesel
Switzerland	0.285	0.165	0.139	0.146	5.0 years	19.0%	3,011	Grid
Mexico	0.213	0.105	0.070	0.143	3.0 years	32.7%	3,700	Grid + diesel
Germany	0.283	0.169	0.141	0.142	4.8 years	19.9%	2,492	Grid
Colombia	0.204	0.102	0.065	0.139	3.4 years	28.8%	3,089	Grid + diesel
Romania	0.242	0.131	0.104	0.138	3.5 years	27.6%	3,004	Grid + diesel
Liechtenstein	0.273	0.161	0.136	0.137	5.5 years	17.3%	2,692	Grid
Bermuda	0.264	0.149	0.127	0.137	4.7 years	20.3%	3,342	Grid
Oman	0.188	0.091	0.053	0.135	3.0 years	32.9%	3,927	Grid
Panama	0.198	0.101	0.067	0.131	3.8 years	25.7%	2,938	Grid
Australia	0.242	0.136	0.111	0.131	4.1 years	23.5%	3,214	Grid
Guatemala	0.189	0.094	0.064	0.125	3.3 years	29.8%	3,161	Grid + diesel
Belgium	0.263	0.161	0.140	0.123	5.6 years	16.8%	2,116	Grid
South Africa	0.350	—	0.231	0.119	8.7 years	14.8%	—	Diesel
Czechia	0.228	0.132	0.110	0.118	4.9 years	19.3%	2,098	Grid
Kenya	0.175	0.087	0.058	0.117	3.3 years	29.7%	3,030	Grid + diesel
Gabon	0.175	0.091	0.063	0.112	4.2 years	22.8%	2,360	Grid + diesel
Taiwan	0.189	0.103	0.080	0.109	4.8 years	20.1%	2,418	Grid
Belize	0.173	0.089	0.064	0.109	3.8 years	25.1%	2,632	Grid + diesel
Peru	0.162	0.083	0.059	0.103	3.9 years	25.0%	2,639	Grid + diesel
Japan	0.201	0.118	0.102	0.099	5.3 years	17.8%	2,070	Grid
Luxembourg	0.219	0.135	0.121	0.098	6.4 years	14.5%	1,748	Grid
Denmark	0.230	0.146	0.134	0.096	6.7 years	13.6%	1,760	Grid
Malta	0.165	0.088	0.072	0.093	4.0 years	24.2%	2,654	Grid
Chile	0.169	0.095	0.076	0.093	4.0 years	24.4%	2,541	Grid
Croatia	0.175	0.097	0.082	0.093	4.7 years	20.3%	2,183	Grid
Slovenia	0.191	0.111	0.099	0.092	5.2 years	18.2%	2,082	Grid
Andorra	0.177	0.099	0.085	0.092	4.9 years	19.3%	2,274	Grid + diesel
Philippines	0.156	0.083	0.065	0.091	4.2 years	22.8%	2,280	Grid + diesel
Jordan	0.139	0.071	0.050	0.089	3.9 years	25.0%	2,558	Grid
Netherlands	0.220	0.145	0.131	0.089	7.2 years	12.6%	1,493	Grid
Hong Kong SAR China	0.174	0.101	0.085	0.089	6.2 years	15.0%	1,900	Grid
Portugal	0.159	0.086	0.073	0.086	4.3 years	22.2%	2,422	Grid
Ukraine	0.350	—	0.268	0.082	—	18.2%	—	Diesel
Ghana	0.137	0.073	0.056	0.081	4.6 years	20.8%	2,011	Grid + diesel
France	0.185	0.117	0.107	0.078	6.7 years	13.8%	1,634	Grid
Mauritius	0.137	0.074	0.060	0.077	5.0 years	19.0%	1,966	Grid
Lithuania	0.184	0.117	0.109	0.075	6.9 years	13.3%	1,328	Grid
Moldova	0.159	0.094	0.085	0.074	5.4 years	17.4%	1,705	Grid + diesel
Brazil	0.133	0.075	0.060	0.073	5.1 years	18.6%	1,825	Grid + diesel
Bulgaria	0.153	0.089	0.081	0.072	5.3 years	18.1%	1,808	Grid + diesel
Malaysia	0.129	0.071	0.058	0.071	5.5 years	17.2%	1,743	Grid
Albania	0.141	0.080	0.070	0.071	5.2 years	18.1%	1,848	Grid + diesel
Türkiye	0.137	0.077	0.067	0.070	4.9 years	19.6%	1,880	Grid + diesel
Botswana	0.123	0.065	0.054	0.069	4.3 years	22.5%	2,314	Grid + diesel
Thailand	0.128	0.071	0.061	0.067	5.1 years	18.5%	1,840	Grid
Serbia	0.144	0.086	0.080	0.064	5.9 years	15.9%	1,576	Grid + diesel
Latvia	0.166	0.109	0.103	0.063	7.6 years	11.7%	1,136	Grid
Spain	0.134	0.078	0.072	0.062	5.6 years	17.0%	1,850	Grid
India	0.122	0.069	0.060	0.062	5.3 years	17.8%	1,669	Grid + diesel
Estonia	0.165	0.110	0.106	0.059	8.0 years	11.0%	1,089	Grid
Cambodia	0.117	0.066	0.058	0.059	5.4 years	17.6%	1,659	Grid + diesel
China	0.108	0.060	0.050	0.058	5.3 years	17.8%	1,796	Grid
Tunisia	0.116	0.065	0.060	0.056	5.2 years	18.2%	1,751	Grid + diesel
United Arab Emirates	0.110	0.063	0.056	0.054	6.1 years	15.2%	1,879	Grid
Uruguay	0.126	0.074	0.073	0.053	6.3 years	14.6%	1,564	Grid
Morocco	0.110	0.061	0.058	0.052	5.0 years	18.9%	1,834	Grid + diesel
Bosnia & Herzegovina	0.119	0.072	0.069	0.050	6.9 years	13.3%	1,265	Grid + diesel
South Korea	0.118	0.075	0.072	0.046	8.3 years	10.5%	1,117	Grid
United States	0.149	0.102	0.104	0.045	9.2 years	9.2%	1,173	Grid
Bangladesh	0.101	0.060	0.057	0.044	6.6 years	13.8%	1,245	Grid + diesel
Armenia	0.110	0.066	0.067	0.043	6.3 years	14.7%	1,410	Grid + diesel
Israel	0.113	0.068	0.070	0.043	6.9 years	13.3%	1,649	Grid
Tanzania	0.093	0.053	0.050	0.043	6.3 years	14.7%	1,322	Grid + diesel
Ecuador	0.094	0.056	0.053	0.041	7.2 years	12.5%	1,144	Grid + diesel
Eswatini	0.091	0.053	0.053	0.038	6.7 years	13.7%	1,251	Grid + diesel
Sri Lanka	0.089	0.053	0.052	0.037	7.2 years	12.5%	1,121	Grid + diesel
Georgia	0.106	0.067	0.070	0.036	7.3 years	12.4%	1,152	Grid + diesel
Belarus	0.114	0.078	0.081	0.033	9.3 years	9.0%	788	Grid + diesel
Argentina	0.095	0.059	0.062	0.033	7.4 years	12.2%	1,179	Grid + diesel
Bahrain	0.078	0.047	0.050	0.028	7.8 years	11.5%	1,209	Grid
Rwanda	0.078	0.048	0.050	0.028	8.0 years	11.0%	934	Grid + diesel
Vietnam	0.078	0.051	0.055	0.023	9.1 years	9.3%	789	Grid + diesel
Russia	0.103	0.073	0.080	0.023	—	7.6%	679	Grid + diesel
Saudi Arabia	0.070	0.044	0.049	0.021	8.7 years	9.9%	1,043	Grid
Kuwait	0.070	0.044	0.050	0.020	8.8 years	9.7%	1,011	Grid
Uzbekistan	0.068	0.044	0.048	0.020	9.3 years	8.9%	745	Grid + diesel
Indonesia	0.070	0.047	0.051	0.019	9.9 years	8.2%	685	Grid + diesel
Finland	0.122	0.097	0.105	0.017	—	4.6%	465	Grid
Nepal	0.067	0.045	0.051	0.016	9.9 years	8.2%	662	Grid + diesel
Canada	0.109	0.085	0.096	0.013	—	4.8%	494	Grid
Kazakhstan	0.076	0.057	0.068	0.008	—	5.9%	506	Grid + diesel
Azerbaijan	0.064	0.047	0.059	0.005	—	6.1%	495	Grid + diesel
Norway	0.112	0.097	0.109	0.003	—	2.9%	272	Grid
Trinidad & Tobago	0.053	0.040	0.053	0.000	—	4.7%	397	Grid + diesel
Paraguay	0.046	0.035	0.047	-0.001	—	4.8%	373	Grid + diesel
Egypt	0.038	0.028	0.041	-0.003	—	5.0%	381	Grid + diesel
Kyrgyzstan	0.040	0.035	0.051	-0.011	—	2.3%	157	Grid + diesel
Algeria	0.035	0.031	0.047	-0.012	—	2.0%	142	Grid + diesel
Iceland	0.087	0.086	0.106	-0.019	—	0.1%	10	Grid
Qatar	0.036	0.034	0.056	-0.020	—	0.8%	78	Grid
Lesotho	0.022	0.023	0.042	-0.020	—	—	-48	Grid + diesel
Bhutan	0.019	0.026	0.047	-0.028	—	—	-192	Grid + diesel
Ireland	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Montenegro	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Sweden	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Laos	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Maldives	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Namibia	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Senegal	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
Cuba	0.350	—	—	—	9.2 years	—	—	Diesel
Suriname	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid
New Zealand	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Grid

All amounts per kilowatt-hour consumed, in USD, excluding VAT. A dash under payback means longer than 10 years. Download the full dataset (CSV)

Markets with figures144of 144

Reliable grid60

Moderate60

Unreliable — diesel is the reference24

All countries


Afghanistan	Asia	0.094	0.052	1,700	2.3×	90%	95%	11.6	4.6%	Energy island viable
Albania	Europe	0.141	0.119	1,450	4.0×	74%	80%	9.9	15.3%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Algeria 2 regions	Africa	0.035	0.041	1,600	3.4×	75%	83–98%	11.0	13.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Andorra	Europe	0.177	0.196	1,400	4.3×	73%	79%	9.6	15.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Angola	Africa	0.013	0.016	1,600	1.4×	85%	100%	11.0	0.3%	Energy island viable
Argentina 3 regions	South America	0.095	0.087	1,550	6.5×	72%	70–95%	10.6	15.4%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Armenia	Asia	0.110	0.113	1,550	3.0×	68%	79%	10.6	16.2%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Aruba	North America / Caribbean	0.314	0.211	1,750	1.4×	91%	100%	12.0	0.0%	Energy island viable
Australia 4 regions	Oceania	0.242	0.259	1,450	7.1×	71%	74–96%	9.9	16.0%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Austria Configurator live	Europe	0.292	0.353	1,150	4.2×	65%	75%	7.9	19.0%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Azerbaijan	Asia	0.064	0.048	1,400	3.0×	68%	79%	9.6	16.2%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Bahamas Configurator live	North America / Caribbean	0.370	0.348	1,550	1.6×	83%	98%	10.6	1.6%	Energy island viable
Bahrain	Asia	0.078	0.048	1,900	1.8×	91%	98%	13.0	2.0%	Energy island viable
Bangladesh	Asia	0.101	0.063	1,450	1.4×	79%	97%	9.9	2.1%	Energy island viable
Barbados	North America / Caribbean	0.326	0.314	1,600	1.3×	83%	99%	11.0	0.1%	Energy island viable
Belarus	Europe	0.114	0.087	1,050	6.1×	63%	70%	7.2	21.7%	Grid stays essential
Belgium Configurator live	Europe	0.263	0.406	1,000	5.7×	63%	73%	6.8	20.0%	Grid stays essential
Belize	North America / Caribbean	0.173	0.219	1,500	1.4×	83%	100%	10.3	0.4%	Energy island viable
Bermuda	North America / Caribbean	0.264	0.465	1,400	2.5×	68%	83%	9.6	13.3%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Bhutan	Asia	0.019	0.015	1,400	1.4×	79%	97%	9.6	2.1%	Energy island viable
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Europe	0.119	0.108	1,300	4.6×	73%	78%	8.9	16.4%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Botswana	Africa	0.123	0.094	1,900	2.3×	84%	94%	13.0	5.3%	Near-autonomous
Brazil 4 regions	South America	0.133	0.164	1,500	2.2×	84%	87–100%	10.3	4.7%	Energy island viable
Bulgaria	Europe	0.153	0.155	1,350	3.3×	67%	77%	9.2	17.1%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Burkina Faso	Africa	0.217	0.209	1,750	1.5×	81%	99%	12.0	0.7%	Energy island viable
Cambodia	Asia	0.117	0.150	1,550	1.5×	79%	96%	10.6	2.9%	Energy island viable
Cameroon	Africa	0.179	0.084	1,450	1.1×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Canada 4 regions	North America / Caribbean	0.109	0.123	1,000	5.8×	63%	65–87%	6.8	20.1%	Grid stays essential
Cape Verde	Africa	0.203	0.329	1,750	1.5×	91%	100%	12.0	0.0%	Energy island viable
Cayman Islands	North America / Caribbean	0.367	0.410	1,550	1.4×	83%	99%	10.6	0.7%	Energy island viable
Chile 3 regions	South America	0.169	0.228	1,650	4.0×	75%	72–97%	11.3	14.0%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
China 4 regions	Asia	0.108	0.076	1,800	2.1×	90%	93–97%	12.3	4.0%	Energy island viable
Colombia	South America	0.204	0.207	1,450	1.1×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Congo - Kinshasa 2 regions	Africa	0.076	0.066	1,300	1.1×	85%	100%	8.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Costa Rica	North America / Caribbean	0.229	0.170	1,500	1.3×	83%	99%	10.3	0.1%	Energy island viable
Côte d’Ivoire	Africa	0.235	0.132	1,450	1.2×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Croatia Configurator live	Europe	0.175	0.181	1,350	4.8×	72%	78%	9.2	16.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Cuba	North America / Caribbean	—	0.014	1,550	1.5×	83%	99%	10.6	1.0%	Energy island viable
Cyprus	Europe	0.307	0.343	1,750	3.3×	76%	83%	12.0	13.4%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Czechia	Europe	0.228	0.351	1,050	4.8×	64%	73%	7.2	20.0%	Grid stays essential
Denmark	Europe	0.230	0.355	1,000	8.5×	60%	69%	6.8	22.4%	Grid stays essential
Dominican Republic	North America / Caribbean	0.171	0.115	1,550	1.4×	83%	99%	10.6	0.6%	Energy island viable
Ecuador	South America	0.094	0.097	1,450	1.1×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Egypt	Africa	0.038	0.023	1,900	1.9×	91%	98%	13.0	2.3%	Energy island viable
El Salvador	North America / Caribbean	0.224	0.254	1,650	1.3×	83%	99%	11.3	0.1%	Energy island viable
Estonia	Europe	0.165	0.292	950	11.5×	58%	67%	6.5	23.8%	Grid stays essential
Eswatini	Africa	0.091	0.129	1,600	3.2×	81%	90%	11.0	8.5%	Near-autonomous
Ethiopia	Africa	0.018	0.006	1,700	1.5×	79%	96%	11.6	3.3%	Energy island viable
Finland	Europe	0.122	0.175	900	17.2×	56%	65%	6.2	25.3%	Grid stays essential
France Configurator live	Europe	0.185	0.276	1,150	4.4×	64%	76%	7.9	18.2%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Gabon	Africa	0.175	0.208	1,350	1.1×	85%	100%	9.2	0.0%	Energy island viable
Georgia	Asia	0.106	0.067	1,400	3.2×	67%	78%	9.6	16.8%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Germany Configurator live	Europe	0.283	0.406	1,050	5.8×	63%	73%	7.2	20.1%	Grid stays essential
Ghana Configurator live	Africa	0.137	0.147	1,500	1.2×	85%	100%	10.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Greece Configurator live	Europe	0.236	0.254	1,550	3.7×	75%	81%	10.6	14.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Guatemala	North America / Caribbean	0.189	0.299	1,600	1.4×	83%	100%	11.0	0.1%	Energy island viable
Honduras	North America / Caribbean	0.230	0.231	1,550	1.4×	83%	100%	10.6	0.1%	Energy island viable
Hong Kong SAR China	Asia	0.174	0.184	1,250	1.4×	79%	97%	8.6	2.1%	Energy island viable
Hungary	Europe	0.369	0.111	1,200	4.0×	66%	75%	8.2	18.8%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Iceland	Europe	0.087	0.179	850	34.0×	54%	62%	5.8	26.8%	Grid stays essential
India 4 regions	Asia	0.122	0.077	1,500	1.4×	79%	96–98%	10.3	2.1%	Energy island viable
Indonesia 3 regions	Asia	0.070	0.090	1,400	1.1×	85%	99–100%	9.6	0.0%	Energy island viable
Iraq	Asia	0.045	0.015	1,750	2.1×	90%	96%	12.0	4.0%	Energy island viable
Ireland Configurator live	Europe	—	0.450	900	6.7×	62%	71%	6.2	21.0%	Grid stays essential
Israel	Asia	0.113	0.185	1,750	2.9×	77%	85%	12.0	12.2%	Near-autonomous
Italy Configurator live	Europe	0.411	0.414	1,400	4.2×	73%	80%	9.6	15.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Jamaica	North America / Caribbean	0.242	0.290	1,550	1.4×	83%	99%	10.6	0.5%	Energy island viable
Japan	Asia	0.201	0.227	1,200	2.9×	67%	81%	8.2	14.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Jordan	Asia	0.139	0.090	1,800	2.1×	90%	96%	12.3	3.6%	Energy island viable
Kazakhstan 2 regions	Asia	0.076	0.057	1,250	4.8×	64%	73–92%	8.6	20.1%	Grid stays essential
Kenya	Africa	0.175	0.219	1,650	1.1×	85%	100%	11.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Kuwait	Asia	0.070	0.040	1,900	2.0×	90%	97%	13.0	3.1%	Energy island viable
Kyrgyzstan	Asia	0.040	0.015	1,450	3.2×	68%	78%	9.9	16.6%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Laos	Asia	—	0.034	1,500	1.4×	79%	97%	10.3	2.2%	Energy island viable
Latvia	Europe	0.166	0.280	950	9.3×	59%	69%	6.5	22.8%	Grid stays essential
Lesotho	Africa	0.022	0.108	1,700	4.2×	79%	87%	11.6	10.8%	Near-autonomous
Liechtenstein	Europe	0.273	0.399	1,150	4.1×	66%	75%	7.9	18.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Lithuania	Europe	0.184	0.285	950	8.1×	60%	70%	6.5	22.1%	Grid stays essential
Luxembourg Configurator live	Europe	0.219	0.261	1,000	5.4×	63%	74%	6.8	19.6%	Grid stays essential
Madagascar	Africa	0.195	0.130	1,600	1.9×	84%	97%	11.0	3.5%	Energy island viable
Malawi	Africa	0.154	0.088	1,600	1.5×	85%	99%	11.0	0.8%	Energy island viable
Malaysia	Asia	0.129	0.050	1,450	1.1×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Maldives	Asia	—	0.104	1,500	1.1×	85%	100%	10.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Mali	Africa	0.160	0.223	1,800	1.5×	81%	99%	12.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Malta Configurator live	Europe	0.165	0.148	1,650	3.4×	76%	83%	11.3	13.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Mauritius	Africa	0.137	0.135	1,500	1.8×	84%	97%	10.3	2.6%	Energy island viable
Mexico 3 regions	North America / Caribbean	0.213	0.109	1,650	1.5×	83%	97–99%	11.3	1.0%	Energy island viable
Moldova	Europe	0.159	0.179	1,250	4.1×	66%	75%	8.6	18.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Montenegro	Europe	—	0.120	1,400	4.3×	73%	79%	9.6	15.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Morocco	Africa	0.110	0.121	1,800	3.0×	77%	85%	12.3	12.5%	Near-autonomous
Mozambique	Africa	0.080	0.127	1,650	1.8×	85%	97%	11.3	2.9%	Energy island viable
Myanmar (Burma)	Asia	0.109	0.025	1,500	1.4×	79%	97%	10.3	2.2%	Energy island viable
Namibia	Africa	—	0.143	2,000	2.1×	90%	98%	13.7	1.3%	Energy island viable
Nepal	Asia	0.067	0.042	1,450	1.4×	79%	97%	9.9	2.1%	Energy island viable
Netherlands Configurator live	Europe	0.220	0.286	950	6.3×	62%	72%	6.5	20.6%	Grid stays essential
New Zealand Configurator live	Oceania	—	0.212	1,350	4.7×	64%	75%	9.2	16.8%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Nicaragua	North America / Caribbean	0.216	0.176	1,550	1.3×	83%	99%	10.6	0.1%	Energy island viable
Nigeria	Africa	0.050	0.036	1,450	1.2×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
North Macedonia	Europe	0.260	0.129	1,450	4.1×	74%	80%	9.9	15.6%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Norway	Europe	0.112	0.165	850	17.2×	56%	65%	5.8	25.3%	Grid stays essential
Oman	Asia	0.188	0.030	1,950	1.6×	91%	100%	13.4	0.5%	Energy island viable
Pakistan	Asia	0.153	0.063	1,700	2.0×	90%	97%	11.6	3.0%	Energy island viable
Panama	North America / Caribbean	0.198	0.176	1,450	1.2×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Paraguay	South America	0.046	0.055	1,600	2.5×	83%	93%	11.0	6.3%	Near-autonomous
Peru 3 regions	South America	0.162	0.186	1,600	1.3×	85%	100%	11.0	0.0%	Energy island viable
Philippines	Asia	0.156	0.209	1,500	1.5×	79%	96%	10.3	2.9%	Energy island viable
Poland	Europe	0.334	0.236	1,000	5.5×	63%	71%	6.8	21.0%	Grid stays essential
Portugal Configurator live	Europe	0.159	0.239	1,600	3.8×	74%	81%	11.0	14.9%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Qatar	Asia	0.036	0.032	1,900	1.8×	91%	98%	13.0	1.8%	Energy island viable
Romania	Europe	0.242	0.222	1,300	3.8×	66%	76%	8.9	18.3%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Russia 3 regions	Europe	0.103	0.069	1,100	7.5×	61%	65–87%	7.5	22.9%	Grid stays essential
Rwanda	Africa	0.078	0.211	1,500	1.1×	85%	100%	10.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Saudi Arabia 2 regions	Asia	0.070	0.052	1,950	1.7×	91%	99%	13.4	1.4%	Energy island viable
Senegal	Africa	—	0.183	1,700	1.5×	81%	99%	11.6	0.6%	Energy island viable
Serbia	Europe	0.144	0.130	1,300	3.5×	67%	77%	8.9	17.6%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Sierra Leone	Africa	0.306	0.232	1,350	1.5×	79%	95%	9.2	3.3%	Energy island viable
Singapore Configurator live	Asia	0.262	0.233	1,350	1.1×	85%	100%	9.2	0.0%	Energy island viable
Slovakia Configurator live	Europe	0.287	0.215	1,150	4.5×	65%	74%	7.9	19.5%	Grid stays essential
Slovenia Configurator live	Europe	0.191	0.228	1,250	3.9×	66%	75%	8.6	18.4%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
South Africa 2 regions	Africa	0.105	0.209	1,550	4.0×	75%	83–87%	10.6	14.1%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
South Korea	Asia	0.118	0.127	1,250	1.5×	79%	97%	8.6	2.2%	Energy island viable
Spain Configurator live	Europe	0.134	0.255	1,600	3.9×	74%	81%	11.0	15.1%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Sri Lanka	Asia	0.089	0.114	1,500	1.2×	85%	100%	10.3	0.0%	Energy island viable
Sudan	Africa	0.041	0.017	1,850	1.5×	91%	100%	12.7	0.0%	Energy island viable
Suriname	South America	—	0.050	1,450	1.1×	85%	100%	9.9	0.0%	Energy island viable
Sweden	Europe	—	0.243	900	17.2×	56%	65%	6.2	25.3%	Grid stays essential
Switzerland Configurator live	Europe	0.285	0.367	1,200	4.0×	66%	75%	8.2	18.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Taiwan	Asia	0.189	0.098	1,350	1.4×	79%	97%	9.2	2.1%	Energy island viable
Tanzania	Africa	0.093	0.091	1,600	1.2×	85%	100%	11.0	0.0%	Energy island viable
Thailand	Asia	0.128	0.127	1,550	1.5×	79%	96%	10.6	2.7%	Energy island viable
Togo	Africa	0.181	0.199	1,550	1.2×	85%	100%	10.6	0.0%	Energy island viable
Trinidad & Tobago	North America / Caribbean	0.053	0.057	1,500	1.3×	83%	99%	10.3	0.1%	Energy island viable
Tunisia	Africa	0.116	0.067	1,650	3.1×	76%	84%	11.3	13.1%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Türkiye	Asia	0.137	0.067	1,500	3.7×	75%	81%	10.3	14.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Uganda	Africa	0.116	0.171	1,550	1.1×	85%	100%	10.6	0.0%	Energy island viable
Ukraine	Europe	0.164	0.084	1,250	4.5×	65%	74%	8.6	19.7%	Grid stays essential
United Arab Emirates	Asia	0.110	0.080	1,900	1.7×	91%	99%	13.0	1.4%	Energy island viable
United Kingdom Configurator live	Europe	0.442	0.402	900	6.9×	61%	71%	6.2	21.2%	Grid stays essential
United States 6 regions	North America / Caribbean	0.149	0.188	1,200	3.7×	66%	76–99%	8.2	16.7%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Uruguay	South America	0.126	0.255	1,450	6.0×	73%	80%	9.9	14.8%	Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season
Uzbekistan	Asia	0.068	0.039	1,500	3.0×	88%	93%	10.3	7.3%	Near-autonomous
Venezuela	South America	0.081	0.069	1,550	1.3×	83%	99%	10.6	0.1%	Energy island viable
Vietnam Configurator live	Asia	0.078	0.078	1,400	1.5×	79%	96%	9.6	2.7%	Energy island viable
Zambia	Africa	0.040	0.023	1,700	1.5×	85%	99%	11.6	0.6%	Energy island viable

Business price / Household price: USD/kWh · PV yield: kWh/kWp · Battery: kWh/kWp

Take the whole dataset

Stable URLs, refreshed together with the pages. Comma-separated, dot decimal, UTF-8.

All regions (CSV)/data/solar-autonomy/all.csv
All regions with monthly series and column definitions (JSON)/data/solar-autonomy/all.json
Sensitivity runs (CSV)/data/solar-autonomy/sensitivity.csv
This country (JSON)/data/solar-autonomy/<country>.json

Electricity prices: national averages, Q2 2026.
PV yield: Estimates in line with Global Solar Atlas (World Bank / Solargis), rounded to the nearest 50 kWh/kWp.
Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Dataset updated 2026-09-22

How the assessment works

The assessment is the self-sufficiency with a three-day battery, in four bands.

Energy island viable from 95%: PV with a three-day battery covers practically the whole year. What remains is small enough for a modest backup.
Near-autonomous from 85%: Most of the year is covered; a lean season leaves a gap that a generator or a limited grid connection can fill.
Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season from 75%: PV and battery carry the bright months, but the lean season needs a real second source. Short-term storage does not close that gap.
Grid stays essential below 75%: A structural winter deficit remains. More panels or a larger short-term battery barely move it; PV and battery still cut the bill, not the grid connection.

What the columns mean

Field	Unit	Definition
Continent`continent`	—	Continent the country belongs to.
Country`country`	—	Country name in English.
Region`region`	—	Climate region within the country; empty when the country is modelled as one region.
Electricity price, households`price_households_usd_mwh`	USD/MWh	Average all-in retail price for households, national average. Static average, not a dynamic or market price.
Electricity price, businesses`price_businesses_usd_mwh`	USD/MWh	Average all-in retail price for businesses, national average. Empty where the source publishes no business price.
PV yield`pv_yield_kwh_kwp`	kWh/kWp/year	Estimated annual yield of a well-oriented PV system per installed kWp, rounded to the nearest fifty.
Weakest month share`weakest_month_share_pct`	%	Share of the annual yield produced in the weakest of the twelve months (the wet season in monsoon climates, winter elsewhere). A perfectly flat year gives one twelfth per month.
Strongest month share`strongest_month_share_pct`	%	Share of the annual yield produced in the strongest of the twelve months.
Seasonal spread`seasonal_spread`	×	Strongest month divided by weakest month. Close to one means flat generation all year; above ten means strongly seasonal.
Self-consumption, day-night battery`self_consumption_daynight_pct`	%	Share of the PV generation that is used on site with a battery sized to carry one night. Equals self-sufficiency divided by the oversizing factor.
Self-sufficiency, day-night battery`self_sufficiency_daynight_pct`	%	Share of the annual consumption covered by PV plus a battery sized to carry one night. Never above one hundred percent.
Battery size, day-night`battery_daynight_kwh_kwp`	kWh/kWp	Battery capacity needed to carry the night-time share of one day of consumption, per kWp of PV.
Self-consumption, three-day battery`self_consumption_3day_pct`	%	Share of the PV generation that is used on site with a battery holding three days of consumption.
Self-sufficiency, three-day battery`self_sufficiency_3day_pct`	%	Share of the annual consumption covered by PV plus a battery holding three days of consumption. This is the figure the energy-island assessment is based on.
Battery size, three-day`battery_3day_kwh_kwp`	kWh/kWp	Battery capacity equal to three days of consumption, per kWp of PV.
Consumption profile`consumption_profile`	—	Assumed seasonal shape of demand for the climate: winter peak (heating), summer peak (cooling), double peak or near-flat.
Lean-season deficit`winter_deficit_pct`	%	Demand that stays unmet during the three consecutive lowest-yield months, despite the three-day battery, as a share of annual consumption. It is what remains for the grid, a backup generator or seasonal storage.
Lean-season deficit, absolute`winter_deficit_kwh_kwp`	kWh/kWp	The same deficit expressed in kWh per kWp of PV.
Latitude`latitude`	°	Representative latitude used by the astronomical yield model; negative is the southern hemisphere.
Climate class`climate`	—	Climate class that sets the monthly cloud pattern, day-to-day variability and consumption profile.
Monthly yield shares`monthly_yield_share_pct`	%	Twelve values, January to December: share of the annual PV yield per month. Modelled from latitude and climate class, not measured.
Monthly consumption shares`monthly_consumption_share_pct`	%	Twelve values, January to December: assumed share of the annual consumption per month.

How the model works

Monthly PV yield comes from an astronomical model (latitude, declination, tilt) multiplied by a climate pattern for cloud and rain. Day-to-day variability follows a gamma distribution per climate; multi-day coverage is the sum of independent days. Seasonal consumption is set per climate: a winter peak for heating, a summer peak for cooling, a double peak in Mediterranean climates.

What it is not

An analytical approximation, not an hourly simulation of your site. Prices are static national averages, not dynamic or market prices. The deficit is not a storage recommendation: it quantifies what remains for grid, backup or seasonal storage.

Coming soon

Countries with satellite roof coverage or a local dataset in preparation. Each gets its own market page before the configurator opens.

Questions about countries

Which countries can use the configurator today?

Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Ghana. Each has a validated dataset and a local delivery partner.

Why does my country show as coming soon?

Either the roof imagery is available but the tariff and tax dataset is not yet validated, or a local dataset is being built. The market page comes first, the configurator after.

Can I request a country?

Yes — ask for a quote and name the country. Markets are prioritised on demand and on how quickly a primary-source dataset can be assembled.

Does the configurator give the same result as a local installer?

It gives a sized proposal and a twenty-year case study from primary-source data; the local partner confirms it on site before a firm quote.