# Solarnation — global B2B energy configurator > Free configurator for businesses: draw your roof on satellite imagery and get a > twenty-year case study for solar PV, battery storage (BESS) and EV charging, in > the currency, language and grid rules of your own country. Every country runs on > a dataset of primary-source values (regulator gazettes, customs tariffs, grid > statistics), each with its source and a verification date. # Generated: 2026-09-11 # Every figure below is a primary-source value from the Solarnation country datasets. # Format: key = value unit (country, verified date, confidence). Source follows. --- # Commercial solar, battery storage & EV charging — sized for your country URL: https://global.solarnation.be/ Free configurator for businesses: draw your roof and get a twenty-year case study for solar, battery storage and EV charging in your own currency and grid rules. --- # Commercial solar, battery storage & EV charging — by country URL: https://global.solarnation.be/countries Every market runs on its own validated dataset: tariffs, export regime, grid reliability, taxes and currency, with a source per value. Pick your country. --- # From satellite image to case study in eight steps URL: https://global.solarnation.be/how-it-works No login, no spreadsheet: draw your roof, enter your consumption and connection, and the configurator does the sizing and the twenty-year maths in your currency. --- # Five value streams. One battery. Twenty years. URL: https://global.solarnation.be/what-we-calculate Self-consumption, backup, peak shaving, arbitrage and EV charging co-simulated on one battery over twenty years, in the local currency and tariffs. --- # Belgium — market data URL: https://global.solarnation.be/countries/be Currency: EUR. Values excluding VAT. Last verified: 2026-06-19. 34 validated values. ## Validated values - Jaarproductie per kWp (zuid-referentie): kwhPerKwp = 950 kWh/kWp/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Jaarproductie per kWp (oost-west): kwhPerKwpOostWest = 875 kWh/kWp/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Optimale paneelhoek: optimaleHoek = 35 graden (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: vuistregel BE. - Arbitrage-marge (dag/nacht-spread): finance.arbitrageMarginPerKwh = 0.1 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Batterij-doorzet per kWh per jaar: finance.arbitrageThroughputPerKwh = 280 kWh/kWh/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Aandeel direct zelfverbruik: finance.autoconsumptieFactor = 0.7 factor (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Bespaard net-inkooptarief (zelfverbruik): finance.besparingPerKwh = 0.28 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Referentie-batterijkost: finance.bessKostPerKwhZonder = 465 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Vermeden dieselgeneratorkost (intl baseline): finance.dieselBaselinePerKwh = 0 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: n.v.t. BE. - Energieprijs-indexatie per jaar: finance.indexatie = 1.03 factor (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Injectie-/terugleververgoeding: finance.injectiePerKwh = 0.045 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Publieke laadbenutting per paal: laden.publiekeUrenPerPaalJaar = 208 u/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Eigen zonne-LCOE: laden.pvLcoe = 0.04 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Vermeden publieke AC-laadprijs: laden.vermedenAcPrijs = 0.45 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Vermeden publieke DC-laadprijs: laden.vermedenDcPrijs = 0.7 currency/kWh (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Netstudie kost max: budget.netstudieMax = 2500 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Netstudie kost min: budget.netstudieMin = 1500 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - MS-cabine-onderhoud per jaar: finance.cabineOnderhoudJaar = 500 currency/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Capaciteitstarief (maandpiek): finance.capaciteitstariefPerKwJaar = 53.39 currency/kW/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: Fluvius 2026. - MS-toegangsvermogen: finance.msToegangsvermogenPerKvaJaar = 51.37 currency/kVA/jr (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: Imewo 2026. - Vermeden MS-cabine-CAPEX (bij BESS-keuze): finance.vermedenCapex = 85000 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Drempel netontkoppelbord: netontkoppelDrempel = 30 kVA (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: Synergrid. - LS-norm stroom verzwaring: verzwaring.amperage = 120 A (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: LS-norm BE. - Aansluitingsverzwaring kost max: verzwaring.kostMax = 15000 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Aansluitingsverzwaring kost min: verzwaring.kostMin = 6000 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - LS-norm spanning verzwaring: verzwaring.voltage = 400 V (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: LS-norm BE. - BTW-tarief: fiscaliteit.btwPct = 21 % (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: BE btw. - Invoerheffing zonne-installatie: fiscaliteit.importHeffingPct = 0 % (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: EU interne markt. - Investeringsaftrek energie-investering: fiscaliteit.investeringsaftrekPct = 13.5 % (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence midden). Source: verhoogde investeringsaftrek energie. - PV Cycle-bijdrage per paneel: budget.pvCyclePerPaneel = 1.5 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: PV Cycle. - BeBat-batterijbijdrage van toepassing: recyclage.bebatActief = true (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: BeBat. - Aantal verplichte keuringen: budget.aantalKeuringen = 2 # (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: AREI/ACEG. - Keuringskost max: budget.keuringMax = 450 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. - Keuringskost min: budget.keuringMin = 350 currency (Belgium, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: DEFAULT_DIM_PARAMS. --- # Ghana — market data URL: https://global.solarnation.be/countries/gh Currency: USD (secondary GHS). Values excluding VAT. Last verified: 2026-09-11. 42 validated values. Ghana bills businesses by the kWh only: $0.183 per kWh on the medium-voltage commercial tariff, with no capacity charge. Exported energy earns $0.071 per kWh under the 60/40 net-billing regime, capped at 500 kW per customer. With 22 outage hours in a normal year and diesel generation at $0.500 per kWh, the battery earns first as backup and second on self-consumption. ## Market score Ghana scores 82 out of 100 (strong) on the Solarnation market scorecard, weighted over 10 factors scored 1-5 on one global scale. - solar_yield: value 1600 kWh/kWp, score 5/5. - electricity_price: value 0.183 valuta/kWh, score 4/5. - seasonal_variation: value 1.4117647058823528 ratio, score 5/5. - load_match: value 0.9490000000000001 factor, score 5/5. - grid_reliability: value 184 u/jr, score 5/5. - diesel_baseline: value 0.5 valuta/kWh, score 5/5. - export_regime: value 0.3879781420765027 ratio, score 4/5. - taxes_duties: value 3.3333333333333335 %, score 4/5. - demand_charges: value 0 valuta/kW/jr, score 1/5. - regulatory_clarity: value 0.6904761904761905 factor, score 3/5. ## Validated values - Wisselkoers USD→GHS (indicatieve GHS-weergave): fx.usdGhs = 11.4 GHS/USD (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: Bank of Ghana interbank 7 sep 2026: koop 11,3943 / verkoop 11,4057, mid ~11,40. (PURC Q3-parameter rekende met 11,2228.). - Jaarproductie per kWp (zuid-referentie): kwhPerKwp = 1600 kWh/kWp/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: Global Solar Atlas (Accra PVOUT). - Jaarproductie per kWp (oost-west): kwhPerKwpOostWest = 1520 kWh/kWp/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: schatting -5% (run PVGIS). - Optimale paneelhoek: optimaleHoek = 9 graden (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: GSA/PVGIS Accra. - Arbitrage-marge (dag/nacht-spread): finance.arbitrageMarginPerKwh = 0.1 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: overgenomen van BE. - Batterij-doorzet per kWh per jaar: finance.arbitrageThroughputPerKwh = 280 kWh/kWh/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: overgenomen van BE. - Aandeel direct zelfverbruik: finance.autoconsumptieFactor = 0.75 factor (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence midden). Source: bias naar zelfverbruik (geen 1:1 net-metering). - Bespaard net-inkooptarief (zelfverbruik): finance.besparingPerKwh = 0.183 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: PURC SLT-MV energy charge: Q2 201,60 GHp/kWh x 1,0349 (Q3-review +3,49% per 1 jul 2026) / 11,40 GHS/USD = 0,183 USD/kWh. Q4 2026-review nog niet aangekondigd per 11 sep 2026. Excl. levies/VAT.. - Referentie-batterijkost: finance.bessKostPerKwhZonder = 200 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence laag). Source: Turnkey C&I BESS fallback-eenheidsprijs (USD/kWh). BNEF 2025: pack $70-108/kWh (stationair goedkoopst), turnkey non-US utility ~$125; C&I containerized $180-350; Afrika-schatting $300-400. $200 = scherpe best-case ondergrens grotere systemen; valideren met echte leveranciersofferte (excl. 10% batterij-invoerrecht + VAT). Speelt enkel mee zonder expliciete BESS-budgetregel.. - Vermeden dieselgeneratorkost (intl baseline): finance.dieselBaselinePerKwh = 0.5 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: Diesel pompprijs Ghana sep 2026 ~GH14,95-17,60/l (NPA-venster 1-16 sep, +2,69%) / 11,40 = ~$1,3-1,5/l x 0,30 l/kWh + O&M $0,04-0,06 = ~$0,50/kWh all-in. (0,47 was fuel-only zonder O&M.). - Energieprijs-indexatie per jaar: finance.indexatie = 1.05 factor (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: Ghana CPI-inflatie aug 2026 = 5,0% j-o-j (Ghana Statistical Service; jul 4,6%). 1,05 marktconform op headline; diensten (8,6%)/non-food (6,8%) liggen hoger.. - Injectie-/terugleververgoeding: finance.injectiePerKwh = 0.071 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: PURC Net Metering Tariff Schedule (eff. 1 apr 2026): export-credit = 40% retail; SLT-MV 80,64 GHp/kWh; kWh-credits, geen cash. - Vaste netkost / service charge per jaar: finance.vasteKostJaar = 526 currency/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: ECG SLT service charge GHS 500/mnd (PURC Q2-decision, ongewijzigd) x 12 / 11,40 GHS/USD = 526 USD/jr.. - Publieke laadbenutting per paal: laden.publiekeUrenPerPaalJaar = 208 u/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: overgenomen van BE. - Eigen zonne-LCOE: laden.pvLcoe = 0.06 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: C&I PV LCOE W-Afrika. - Vermeden publieke AC-laadprijs: laden.vermedenAcPrijs = 0.18 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: geen publieke benchmark; ~nettarief. - Vermeden publieke DC-laadprijs: laden.vermedenDcPrijs = 0.25 currency/kWh (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: schatting. - Netstudie kost max: budget.netstudieMax = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence laag). Source: Net-metering-aanvraag via nationaal portaal (gelanceerd dec 2025, ECG/NEDCo); bi-directionele meter gratis onder huidig programma. Geen gepubliceerde interconnectie-/netstudiekost; grote C&I-aansluitingen case-by-case -> 0 in standaardraming.. - Netstudie kost min: budget.netstudieMin = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence laag). Source: Net-metering-aanvraag via nationaal portaal (gelanceerd dec 2025, ECG/NEDCo); bi-directionele meter gratis onder huidig programma. Geen gepubliceerde interconnectie-/netstudiekost; grote C&I-aansluitingen case-by-case -> 0 in standaardraming.. - MS-cabine-onderhoud per jaar: finance.cabineOnderhoudJaar = 0 currency/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: geen MS-cabine. - Capaciteitstarief (maandpiek): finance.capaciteitstariefPerKwJaar = 0 currency/kW/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: MYTO 2026-2030 (PURC dec 2025): geen aparte maximum-demand/kVA-charge meer; capaciteit zit in de energy charge (gazette integraal gelezen). - MS-toegangsvermogen: finance.msToegangsvermogenPerKvaJaar = 0 currency/kVA/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: n.v.t. (geen MS-cabineconcept). - Vermeden MS-cabine-CAPEX (bij BESS-keuze): finance.vermedenCapex = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: geen MS-cabine. - Net-metering cap per installatie: netMetering.capKw = 500 kW (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: Net Metering Code 2023 (Energy Commission) Part B Clause 2: "500 kW per customer"; corroboratie 2015 Sub-Code Clause 3 "500kW per installation". De 200 kW was een verouderd 2014-conceptcijfer (IEA-PVPS T9). Scope: LV-net <1kV, per klant.. - Drempel netontkoppelbord: netontkoppelDrempel = 0 kVA (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: geen netontkoppelbordconcept. - Aandeel bedrijven met eigen generator: netstabiliteit.generatorAandeelBedrijven = 0.52 factor (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence midden). Source: WB Enterprise Survey 2013: 52% van bedrijven bezit/deelt generator (recentste GH-cijfer). - Netuitval crisis-/dumsorjaar: netstabiliteit.uitvalUrenCrisis = 670 u/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence midden). Source: WB Enterprise Survey 2013 (dumsor): 8 outages/mnd × 7 u ≈ 670 u/jr; 2025-2026 opnieuw episodes (o.a. Akosombo apr 2026, 800 MW). - Netuitval normaal jaar (SAIDI): netstabiliteit.uitvalUrenNormaal = 22 u/jr (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: ECG SAIDI Metro/Accra 2024 = 21,5 u/jr (PURC-tariefvoorstel sept 2025, Table 7); officieel cijfer, onderschat ervaren uitval. - LS-norm stroom verzwaring: verzwaring.amperage = 0 A (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: verzwaringsconcept n.v.t.. - Aansluitingsverzwaring kost max: verzwaring.kostMax = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: n.v.t.. - Aansluitingsverzwaring kost min: verzwaring.kostMin = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: n.v.t.. - LS-norm spanning verzwaring: verzwaring.voltage = 400 V (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: Ghana LV 3x400V (IEC). - BTW-tarief: fiscaliteit.btwPct = 15 % (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: VAT Act 2025 (Act 1151, eff. 1 jan 2026): 15% VAT; NHIL/GETFund 2×2,5% aftrekbaar als input-VAT (effectief ~20% op factuur); COVID-levy afgeschaft. Panelen importvrijgesteld, batterijen/omvormers niet; EPC-levering VAT-plichtig (aftrekbaar voor VAT-geregistreerde C&I). - Invoerheffing batterijen (BESS): fiscaliteit.importHeffingBatterijPct = 10 % (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence midden). Source: Ghana Customs HS-tariff 8507.60 (lithium-ion accumulatoren) = 10% invoerrecht (ECOWAS CET) + VAT 15% + NHIL/GETFund 2x2,5% op CIF+duty. De eerdere 20% is HS 8506 (primaire/niet-oplaadbare batterijen). EC-vrijstelling mogelijk (Act 832 art. 4d).. - Invoerheffing omvormers: fiscaliteit.importHeffingOmvormerPct = 0 % (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence hoog). Source: Ghana Customs HS-tariff 8504.40.90 "Other static converters" (PV-omvormers) = 0% invoerrecht + 0% VAT. Lost het 0%-vs-5-10%-conflict op: 5-10% betrof de generieke ECOWAS-band / battery-chargers (8504.40.20).. - Invoerheffing zonne-installatie: fiscaliteit.importHeffingPct = 0 % (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: GIZ/GOGLA: panelen HS 8541.4x = 0% (5% als voorgeassembleerde set); vrijstellingsroute RE Act 832 art. 4(d) via Energy Commission. - Investeringsaftrek energie-investering: fiscaliteit.investeringsaftrekPct = 0 % (Ghana, verified 2026-07-06, confidence hoog). Source: Geen RE-specifieke aftrek (2026-budget bevestigt); wel normale capital allowance 20-30% degressief (Act 896 Class 2/3) — geen extra stimulus, dus 0 in de businesscase. - PV Cycle-bijdrage per paneel: budget.pvCyclePerPaneel = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: geen PV Cycle. - BeBat-batterijbijdrage van toepassing: recyclage.bebatActief = false (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence hoog). Source: geen BeBat. - Aantal verplichte keuringen: budget.aantalKeuringen = 1 # (Ghana, verified 2026-06-19, confidence laag). Source: schatting. - Keuringskost max: budget.keuringMax = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence laag). Source: Geen publiek nationaal keurings-/permittarief voor C&I-solar. EC-productregistratie GHS 450-650/type (paneel/batterij 450, omvormer 650); installateur >=100 kW = Large-scale licentie + per-project permit (Act 1080-bedragen niet publiek getarifeerd). Per-project CEWP-keuring/ECG-inspectie case-by-case -> 0 in standaardraming.. - Keuringskost min: budget.keuringMin = 0 currency (Ghana, verified 2026-09-11, confidence laag). Source: Geen publiek nationaal keurings-/permittarief voor C&I-solar. EC-productregistratie GHS 450-650/type (paneel/batterij 450, omvormer 650); installateur >=100 kW = Large-scale licentie + per-project permit (Act 1080-bedragen niet publiek getarifeerd). Per-project CEWP-keuring/ECG-inspectie case-by-case -> 0 in standaardraming.. ## Questions and answers Q: How much does electricity cost a business in Ghana in 2026? A: $0.183 per kWh for a medium-voltage commercial customer, plus a service charge of about $526 per year. There is no capacity or demand charge under the 2026-2030 tariff decision. (Source: PURC SLT-MV tariff, Q3 2026) Q: Does Ghana have net metering for commercial solar? A: Ghana runs net-billing rather than one-to-one net metering: exported energy is credited at about 40% of the retail rate — $0.071 per kWh — and the Net Metering Code 2023 caps eligible systems at 500 kW per customer. (Source: Energy Commission, Net Metering Code 2023) Q: Are solar panels and batteries taxed on import in Ghana? A: Solar panels and inverters carry 0% import duty. Lithium-ion batteries carry 10%, and VAT of 15% applies to batteries. (Source: Ghana Revenue Authority customs tariff; VAT Act 1151) Q: Is a battery worth it for a business in Ghana? A: Usually yes, and first as backup: ECG reports about 22 outage hours a year in Accra in a normal year, rising to roughly 670 in a crisis year, while diesel generation costs around $0.500 per kWh. Self-consumption of solar comes second, and the configurator co-simulates both on one battery. (Source: ECG SAIDI via PURC; NPA fuel price windows) Q: What is the payback of commercial solar in Ghana? A: It depends on your load profile and your roof, which is why we do not quote a single number. The main drivers are the $0.183 per kWh tariff, displaced diesel and the 500 kW net-billing limit; the configurator computes payback and IRR from your own consumption in about five minutes. Q: Which currency and language does the Ghana configurator use? A: US dollars with an indicative Ghana cedi conversion at 11.4 GHS per USD, in English. All amounts exclude VAT. (Source: Bank of Ghana interbank rate)