{"name":"Solar autonomy by country — Solarnation","description":"Electricity prices, PV yield, seasonal spread and the self-sufficiency of PV with a day-night or three-day battery, per climate region. Modelled estimates, not measurements.","url":"https://global.solarnation.be/countries/australia","updated":"2026-09-22","licence":"CC BY 4.0","sources":{"electricity_prices":{"description":"Static national averages","reference_period":"Q2 2026"},"pv_yield":"Estimates in line with Global Solar Atlas (World Bank / Solargis), rounded to the nearest 50 kWh/kWp","model":"Solarnation energy-island model (add_spread.py): astronomical monthly yield × climate pattern, gamma-distributed day-to-day variability, seasonal consumption per climate"},"assumptions":{"pv_oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.55,"battery_round_trip_efficiency":0.92},"assessment_classes":[{"class":"island","min_self_sufficiency_3day_pct":95,"label":"Energy island viable","meaning":"PV with a three-day battery covers practically the whole year. What remains is small enough for a modest backup."},{"class":"near","min_self_sufficiency_3day_pct":85,"label":"Near-autonomous","meaning":"Most of the year is covered; a lean season leaves a gap that a generator or a limited grid connection can fill."},{"class":"hybrid","min_self_sufficiency_3day_pct":75,"label":"Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season","meaning":"PV and battery carry the bright months, but the lean season needs a real second source. Short-term storage does not close that gap."},{"class":"grid","min_self_sufficiency_3day_pct":0,"label":"Grid stays essential","meaning":"A structural winter deficit remains. More panels or a larger short-term battery barely move it; PV and battery still cut the bill, not the grid connection."}],"columns":[{"field":"continent","csv_header":"Continent","unit":null,"label":"Continent","definition":"Continent the country belongs to."},{"field":"country","csv_header":"Country","unit":null,"label":"Country","definition":"Country name in English."},{"field":"region","csv_header":"Region within country","unit":null,"label":"Region","definition":"Climate region within the country; empty when the country is modelled as one region."},{"field":"price_households_usd_mwh","csv_header":"Average electricity price households (USD/MWh)","unit":"USD/MWh","label":"Electricity price, households","definition":"Average all-in retail price for households, national average. Static average, not a dynamic or market price."},{"field":"price_businesses_usd_mwh","csv_header":"Average electricity price businesses (USD/MWh)","unit":"USD/MWh","label":"Electricity price, businesses","definition":"Average all-in retail price for businesses, national average. Empty where the source publishes no business price."},{"field":"pv_yield_kwh_kwp","csv_header":"Estimated PV yield (kWh/kWp/year)","unit":"kWh/kWp/year","label":"PV yield","definition":"Estimated annual yield of a well-oriented PV system per installed kWp, rounded to the nearest fifty."},{"field":"weakest_month_share_pct","csv_header":"Weakest month share (% of annual yield)","unit":"%","label":"Weakest month share","definition":"Share of the annual yield produced in the weakest of the twelve months (the wet season in monsoon climates, winter elsewhere). A perfectly flat year gives one twelfth per month."},{"field":"strongest_month_share_pct","csv_header":"Strongest month share (% of annual yield)","unit":"%","label":"Strongest month share","definition":"Share of the annual yield produced in the strongest of the twelve months."},{"field":"seasonal_spread","csv_header":"Seasonal spread (x)","unit":"×","label":"Seasonal spread","definition":"Strongest month divided by weakest month. Close to one means flat generation all year; above ten means strongly seasonal."},{"field":"self_consumption_daynight_pct","csv_header":"Self-consumption day-night battery (% of generation, PV=120%)","unit":"%","label":"Self-consumption, day-night battery","definition":"Share of the PV generation that is used on site with a battery sized to carry one night. Equals self-sufficiency divided by the oversizing factor."},{"field":"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct","csv_header":"Self-sufficiency day-night battery (% of consumption, PV=120%)","unit":"%","label":"Self-sufficiency, day-night battery","definition":"Share of the annual consumption covered by PV plus a battery sized to carry one night. Never above one hundred percent."},{"field":"battery_daynight_kwh_kwp","csv_header":"Battery day-night (kWh per kWp)","unit":"kWh/kWp","label":"Battery size, day-night","definition":"Battery capacity needed to carry the night-time share of one day of consumption, per kWp of PV."},{"field":"self_consumption_3day_pct","csv_header":"Self-consumption 3-day battery (% of generation, PV=120%)","unit":"%","label":"Self-consumption, three-day battery","definition":"Share of the PV generation that is used on site with a battery holding three days of consumption."},{"field":"self_sufficiency_3day_pct","csv_header":"Self-sufficiency 3-day battery (% of consumption, PV=120%)","unit":"%","label":"Self-sufficiency, three-day battery","definition":"Share of the annual consumption covered by PV plus a battery holding three days of consumption. This is the figure the energy-island assessment is based on."},{"field":"battery_3day_kwh_kwp","csv_header":"Battery 3-day (kWh per kWp)","unit":"kWh/kWp","label":"Battery size, three-day","definition":"Battery capacity equal to three days of consumption, per kWp of PV."},{"field":"consumption_profile","csv_header":"Consumption profile (assumption per climate)","unit":null,"label":"Consumption profile","definition":"Assumed seasonal shape of demand for the climate: winter peak (heating), summer peak (cooling), double peak or near-flat."},{"field":"winter_deficit_pct","csv_header":"Winter deficit 3-day (% of annual consumption)","unit":"%","label":"Lean-season deficit","definition":"Demand that stays unmet during the three consecutive lowest-yield months, despite the three-day battery, as a share of annual consumption. It is what remains for the grid, a backup generator or seasonal storage."},{"field":"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp","csv_header":"Winter deficit 3-day (kWh per kWp)","unit":"kWh/kWp","label":"Lean-season deficit, absolute","definition":"The same deficit expressed in kWh per kWp of PV."},{"field":"latitude","csv_header":"(model input)","unit":"°","label":"Latitude","definition":"Representative latitude used by the astronomical yield model; negative is the southern hemisphere."},{"field":"climate","csv_header":"(model input)","unit":null,"label":"Climate class","definition":"Climate class that sets the monthly cloud pattern, day-to-day variability and consumption profile."},{"field":"monthly_yield_share_pct","csv_header":"(model output)","unit":"%","label":"Monthly yield shares","definition":"Twelve values, January to December: share of the annual PV yield per month. Modelled from latitude and climate class, not measured."},{"field":"monthly_consumption_share_pct","csv_header":"(model input)","unit":"%","label":"Monthly consumption shares","definition":"Twelve values, January to December: assumed share of the annual consumption per month."}],"country":"Australia","iso2":"AU","continent":"Oceania","regions":[{"continent":"Oceania","country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","price_households_usd_mwh":259,"price_businesses_usd_mwh":242,"pv_yield_kwh_kwp":1800,"weakest_month_share_pct":5.2,"strongest_month_share_pct":12.2,"seasonal_spread":2.3,"self_consumption_daynight_pct":75,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":89,"battery_daynight_kwh_kwp":2.3,"self_consumption_3day_pct":80,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":96,"battery_3day_kwh_kwp":12.3,"consumption_profile":"summer peak (cooling)","winter_deficit_pct":2.3,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":34.7,"latitude":-25,"climate":"desert","monthly_yield_share_pct":[11.84,10.48,8.54,6.09,5.83,5.18,5.47,5.36,7.65,9.88,11.51,12.18],"monthly_consumption_share_pct":[10.16,10.16,9.35,8.13,7.32,6.91,6.91,6.91,7.32,8.13,8.94,9.76],"assessment":{"class":"island","label":"Energy island viable"}},{"continent":"Oceania","country":"Australia","region":"Northeast (Queensland)","price_households_usd_mwh":259,"price_businesses_usd_mwh":242,"pv_yield_kwh_kwp":1700,"weakest_month_share_pct":4.7,"strongest_month_share_pct":10.9,"seasonal_spread":2.3,"self_consumption_daynight_pct":70,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":84,"battery_daynight_kwh_kwp":2.1,"self_consumption_3day_pct":79,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":94,"battery_3day_kwh_kwp":11.6,"consumption_profile":"mild summer peak (cooling)","winter_deficit_pct":5.3,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":75.4,"latitude":-22,"climate":"summerrain","monthly_yield_share_pct":[10.47,10.46,9.14,7.31,5.6,4.74,5.12,6.69,8.67,10.29,10.92,10.6],"monthly_consumption_share_pct":[8.94,8.94,8.54,8.13,7.72,7.72,7.72,7.72,8.13,8.54,8.94,8.94],"assessment":{"class":"near","label":"Near-autonomous"}},{"continent":"Oceania","country":"Australia","region":"Southeast (Sydney/Melbourne)","price_households_usd_mwh":259,"price_businesses_usd_mwh":242,"pv_yield_kwh_kwp":1450,"weakest_month_share_pct":2.2,"strongest_month_share_pct":15.4,"seasonal_spread":7.1,"self_consumption_daynight_pct":59,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":71,"battery_daynight_kwh_kwp":1.8,"self_consumption_3day_pct":65,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":78,"battery_3day_kwh_kwp":9.9,"consumption_profile":"flat","winter_deficit_pct":16,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":192.8,"latitude":-35,"climate":"uniform","monthly_yield_share_pct":[14.7,12.09,8.69,5.15,2.91,2.18,2.47,4.11,7.23,11,14.04,15.41],"monthly_consumption_share_pct":[8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33,8.33],"assessment":{"class":"hybrid","label":"Hybrid: grid needed in the lean season"}},{"continent":"Oceania","country":"Australia","region":"Tasmania","price_households_usd_mwh":259,"price_businesses_usd_mwh":242,"pv_yield_kwh_kwp":1300,"weakest_month_share_pct":3.3,"strongest_month_share_pct":15.8,"seasonal_spread":4.8,"self_consumption_daynight_pct":53,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":64,"battery_daynight_kwh_kwp":1.6,"self_consumption_3day_pct":62,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":74,"battery_3day_kwh_kwp":8.9,"consumption_profile":"winter peak (heating)","winter_deficit_pct":17.1,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":184.8,"latitude":-42,"climate":"maritime","monthly_yield_share_pct":[14.22,10.41,9.3,6.09,4.04,3.27,3.61,5.27,4.85,9.31,13.8,15.84],"monthly_consumption_share_pct":[6.56,6.56,7.38,8.2,9.43,10.25,10.25,9.84,9.02,8.2,7.38,6.97],"assessment":{"class":"grid","label":"Grid stays essential"}}],"sensitivity":[{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.55,"rte":0.92,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":89,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":96,"winter_deficit_pct":2.3,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":34.7},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1,"night_fraction":0.55,"rte":0.92,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":84,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":89,"winter_deficit_pct":5.3,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":94.6},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.5,"night_fraction":0.55,"rte":0.92,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":93,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":100,"winter_deficit_pct":0,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":0},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.45,"rte":0.92,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":90,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":96,"winter_deficit_pct":2.1,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":32.1},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.65,"rte":0.92,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":89,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":96,"winter_deficit_pct":2.5,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":37.3},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.55,"rte":0.85,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":86,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":95,"winter_deficit_pct":3,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":45},{"country":"Australia","region":"Interior / Western Australia","oversizing":1.2,"night_fraction":0.55,"rte":0.96,"self_sufficiency_daynight_pct":91,"self_sufficiency_3day_pct":97,"winter_deficit_pct":1.9,"winter_deficit_kwh_kwp":28.7}],"all_countries_url":"https://global.solarnation.be/data/solar-autonomy/all.json"}